Doses of antimicrobials far in excess of those provided in tables 2 and 3

Multiple, repeated courses of antimicrobials for the same episode of Lyme disease or a duration of antimicrobial therapy prolonged far in excess of that shown in table 3

Combination antimicrobial therapy

Pulsed-dosing (i.e., antibiotic therapy on some days but not on other days)

First-generation cephalosporins, benzathine penicillin G, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, vancomycin, metronidazole, tinidazole, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amantadine, ketolides, isoniazid, or fluconazole

Empirical antibabesiosis therapy in the absence of documentation of active babesiosis

Anti-Bartonella therapies

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Fever therapy (with or without malaria induction)

Intravenous immunoglobulin

Ozone

Cholestyramine

Intravenous hydrogen peroxide

Vitamins or nutritional managements

Magnesium or bismuth injections